About Oligomenorea, One of Menstrual Disorders in Fertile Age

Oligomenorrhea is a condition when a woman's menstrual period at childbearing age is irregular or difficult to predict. The cause of oligomenorrhea is usually not a serious thing. But in certain cases, oligomenorrhea can be a sign of health problems in the body. Normally, menstrual periods occur every 21-35 days. If a woman does not menstruate for more than 35-90 days, then the woman can be said to suffer from oligomenorrhea. This condition causes the sufferer to only experience menstruation 6-8 times a year. The amount of blood that comes out can not be predicted, can be less than usual or even more.

Causes of Oligomenorrhea You Need to Know

Oligomenorrhea is generally experienced by adolescents during the beginning of menstruation, which is about 2-3 years after the first menstruation. However, this condition is fairly reasonable, because it occurs as a result of hormonal activity that is not stable at puberty. Oligomenorrhea is also more often experienced by women entering menopause or women using hormonal contraception, such as birth control pills or injectable birth control. Besides the influence of hormones, there are several other conditions that can cause oligomenorrhea. These conditions include:
  • Thyroid disease.
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
  • Malnutrition, for example due to eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
  • Obesity.
  • Diabetes.
  • Pelvic inflammation.
  • Cancer, for example cervical cancer and ovarian cancer.
  • Early Menopause.
  • Psychological problems, such as stress and depression.
  • Side effects of medications, such as anticonvulsant drugs, blood thinners, corticosteroids, and antipsychotic drugs.
In addition to the conditions above, oligomenorrhea is also more prone to occur in women who often do strenuous exercise, such as lifting weights or running marathons.

Management of Oligomenorrhea

Because it can be caused by various things, oligomenorrhea should be examined by a doctor to find out more about what causes it. To determine the cause of oligomenorrhea, the doctor will conduct a series of examinations, ranging from reviewing the history of menstruation, physical examination, to supporting examinations, such as blood tests, urine tests, Pap smears, and ultrasound. Oligomenorrhea is often not a serious condition, but treatment steps still need to be taken. The type of treatment also depends on the cause. The following are some ways to deal with oligomenorrhea:
  • If oligomenorrhea arises from the use of hormonal contraception (birth control pills or injectable birth control), your doctor may recommend that you replace the contraceptive with other types of contraception, such as condoms.
  • Taking birth control pills with estrogen and progesterone, if oligomenorrhea is caused by hormonal imbalances in the body.
    • This method can also be done on patients with PCOS.
  • Avoid or limit strenuous exercise.
  • Consult with a nutritionist if oligomenorrhea is caused by obesity, anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
Oligomenorrhea caused by certain health problems, such as thyroid disease and diabetes, can be done by treating the underlying disease first. By treating the cause, it is hoped that the body's hormonal condition will return to normal, so that the menstrual cycle can become regular again. Oligomenorrhea is often not caused by a serious condition. But sometimes, this condition can cause infertility or difficulty obtaining offspring. If this menstrual disorder makes it difficult for you to calculate the fertile period, then you should immediately consult a gynecologist to get an examination and proper treatment.

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